TL;DR: Setting up cold email domain infrastructure in 2026 means: a dedicated sending subdomain (never your primary domain), correctly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records, a 21-day organic mailbox warming ramp, and pre-send email validation to keep hard bounces under 1%. Teams that got this right saw dramatic results. Per the Innovate Energy Group case study, switching from an artificial warming service to managed deliverability produced $15M in pipeline in a single month after their previous warming service had damaged their domain reputation.
Methodology & Limitations
Customer outcomes cited in this article come from individually published case studies on unifygtm.com/customers. They reflect specific customers, time periods, and GTM motions — not aggregated platform averages. Read each number as a named-customer outcome, not a universal benchmark.
- Innovate Energy Group case study: $15M in pipeline and 8x meetings booked in one month after switching to Unify Managed Deliverability. Industry: renewable energy consulting. Source: unifygtm.com/customers/innovate-energy-group
- Spellbook case study: 70-80% open rates vs. 19-25% in HubSpot; $2.59M in pipeline generated. Industry: legal software. Source: unifygtm.com/customers/spellbook
- Justworks case study: >10% of bounces prevented in outbound enrollments; 6.8X ROI in first 5 months. Industry: HR software. Source: unifygtm.com/customers/justworks
- Affiniti case study: Prior AI SDR solutions lacked robust deliverability; team had to warm inboxes manually before Unify. Industry: financial services. Source: unifygtm.com/customers/affiniti
- Google Postmaster Tools thresholds and Google bulk sender guidelines are publicly documented and subject to change. Verify current requirements at support.google.com/mail/answer/81126.
Why Did 2026 Change the Rules for Cold Email Infrastructure?
Google's February 2024 bulk sender requirements fundamentally reset the floor for outbound email. Any sender transmitting 1,000 or more emails per day to Gmail addresses must now have SPF, DKIM, and DMARC configured, a one-click unsubscribe header in every message, and a spam complaint rate held below 0.10% — with 0.30% triggering immediate action. Microsoft adopted parallel enforcement for Outlook and Hotmail addresses on a similar timeline. Together, these changes made the "set up a free Gmail, load a list, and blast" approach permanently nonviable for any legitimate outbound program.
The more consequential shift for most sales and growth teams is not the rules themselves — it is the enforcement precision. Gmail's Postmaster Tools now provide near-real-time domain reputation scoring. A single misconfigured DNS record or a week of high-bounce sends can drop a domain's reputation from "high" to "bad" within days. Recovering takes weeks, and there is no appeals process. Getting the infrastructure right from the start is not an optimization — it is a prerequisite.
The second major shift is about warming. Many teams still use third-party warming services that rely on artificial engagement pools: networks of email accounts that automatically open, reply to, and star each other's messages to simulate positive engagement. Google's spam filters now detect these coordinated patterns and treat them as signals of synthetic activity, effectively penalizing the very accounts the warming service was supposed to protect. Per the Innovate Energy Group case study, previous warming services using artificial engagement pools damaged their domain reputation and caused messages to land in spam — before they switched to Unify's Managed Deliverability.
How Does Domain Infrastructure for Cold Email Actually Work?
Domain infrastructure for cold email is the combination of DNS authentication records, sending domain architecture, mailbox configuration, and reputation management that determines whether your outbound emails reach the inbox or the spam folder. It operates at four layers that must all function correctly simultaneously: authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), domain architecture (primary vs. sending subdomain), mailbox health (warming ramp, send limits, engagement signals), and list hygiene (bounce prevention, email validation).
Mail providers like Google and Microsoft evaluate your sending domain holistically. A strong DKIM signature combined with a high bounce rate still damages your reputation. Correct DMARC alignment on a fresh, unwarmed domain still routes emails to spam. The infrastructure layers are not independent — they interact, and the weakest link determines your inbox placement rate.
The core principle is isolation and separation of risk. Your transactional email (receipts, password resets), your marketing email (newsletters, campaigns), and your cold outbound (prospecting sequences) should each have separate sending domains or subdomains with their own SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records. If your cold outbound triggers a spam complaint or blacklist event, it should not be able to damage the reputation of your transactional email.
How to Set Up SPF, DKIM, and DMARC Correctly for Cold Email
SPF: Authorize Your Sending Sources
SPF tells receiving mail servers which IP addresses are allowed to send email claiming to come from your domain. Add a TXT record to your sending subdomain's DNS with a value like v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all, substituting your actual email service provider's SPF include value. Keep your SPF record under 10 DNS lookups — exceeding the limit causes SPF to fail silently, which is one of the most common misconfiguration errors teams make and one of the hardest to diagnose.
Use ~all (softfail) initially rather than -all (hardfail) while confirming all your sending sources are listed. A hardfail on an incomplete SPF record rejects legitimate sends. Once you have verified all sending sources are covered, moving to -all provides stronger protection against domain spoofing.
DKIM: Sign Your Outgoing Messages
DKIM adds a cryptographic signature to every outgoing email, allowing the receiving server to verify the message was not modified in transit. Your email service provider — Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, or your sequencing platform — generates a DKIM key pair and provides a TXT record to add to your sending domain's DNS. Verify DKIM is working by sending a test message and checking the received headers for a dkim=pass result.
Use a minimum 1024-bit RSA key, and prefer 2048-bit where your provider supports it. A key shorter than 1024 bits is now considered insufficient by major mail providers and will fail authentication checks on some receiving servers.
DMARC: Tie Authentication Together and Set Policy
DMARC tells receiving servers what to do when a message fails SPF or DKIM authentication. Add a TXT record at _dmarc.yoursubdomain.com with a value like v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc-reports@yourdomain.com. Start with p=none (monitor mode) to collect alignment reports without affecting delivery. After two to four weeks of reviewing reports to confirm SPF and DKIM are aligned correctly, move to p=quarantine, then eventually p=reject.
The rua tag specifies where DMARC aggregate reports are sent. Reviewing these reports is how you discover misconfigurations before they cause deliverability problems. Set up a dedicated mailbox or use a free DMARC report parser to read the XML data in human-readable format — the raw XML is not designed to be read directly.
What Is the Right Subdomain Strategy for Cold Email Volume?
Use a dedicated sending subdomain — never your primary domain — for all cold outbound. A subdomain like sales.yourdomain.com or outreach.yourdomain.com isolates your cold email reputation from your primary domain. If a spam complaint or blacklist event occurs on the sending subdomain, it does not affect deliverability for your transactional or marketing email sent from the primary domain.
For volume scaling, spread sending load across multiple domains rather than piling it onto one. Running more than 25-30 email addresses on a single sending domain concentrates reputation risk. A common approach is to rotate sending across multiple subdomains, each with its own SPF, DKIM, and DMARC configuration and its own set of mailboxes. Each domain needs its own warming ramp before production sends begin. The documentation at docs.unifygtm.com/deliverability covers domain and mailbox configuration in detail.
At the individual mailbox level, keep daily send volume at 50-100 emails per mailbox per day once fully warmed. Sending 200 or 300 emails per day from a single mailbox is a common shortcut that consistently damages reputation over a two-to-four-week window even when list quality is good. More domains and more mailboxes at lower per-mailbox volume outperforms fewer domains at higher volume.
Should You Use a Mailbox Warming Service in 2026?
Traditional warming services that use artificial engagement pools now actively hurt sender reputation, and you should not use them. Google's spam filters detect coordinated engagement patterns — networks of accounts that automatically open and reply to each other — and treat them as signals of synthetic activity. The services that were effective in 2022 and 2023 became a liability in 2024 and 2025 as Google's detection improved.
Organic warming is the correct approach: gradually increase your send volume over a 21-day ramp period while sending to real contacts who are likely to engage. Start at 10-20 sends per mailbox per day in week one, move to 30-50 in week two, and reach your target production volume in week three. Positive engagement signals — opens, replies, forwarding — build genuine domain reputation. Negative signals — spam complaints, unsubscribes, hard bounces — should be kept near zero during the ramp.
The deeper problem with standalone warming services is the gap they create. Your warmer generates one set of engagement data while your sequencer sends a different volume and pattern. Mail providers evaluate the actual sending behavior of your domain, not warming activity. When sequences start running on a domain that was warmed artificially, the transition to real sending often triggers exactly the spam-folder routing the warming was supposed to prevent. Per the Innovate Energy Group case study, this is precisely what happened before they switched: artificial warming damaged domain reputation instead of building it.
For teams evaluating how sequencing infrastructure and deliverability interact in practice, the article on the future of outbound selling covers why unified platforms outperform stitched-together stacks for sustained open rate performance.
How Does Bounce Prevention Work — and Why Is It the Layer Most Teams Skip?
Bounce prevention means validating email addresses before the send, not reacting to bounces after they occur. A hard bounce — a permanent delivery failure because the address does not exist or the domain is inactive — is the most damaging signal you can generate for domain reputation. Google Postmaster Tools marks domain reputation as "bad" once hard bounces exceed 2% of messages sent. Most CRM databases contain 5-15% invalid or decayed email addresses, meaning every unvalidated list is likely sitting above the threshold before a single email goes out.
The correct process is: validate your list before enrollment, suppress any address that returns an "invalid," "risky," or "disposable" result, and configure your sequencing platform to check addresses at send time as a final gate. This layered approach catches addresses that were valid when first validated but decayed by the time the sequence reached them. A gap of days or weeks is enough for an email to become undeliverable, especially in markets with high job turnover.
At Justworks, Unify Managed Deliverability prevented more than 10% of bounces in outbound enrollments, per the published case study. That is not a minor optimization. A 10% bounce rate on an unvalidated list is the difference between a high-reputation domain and a flagged one within a single campaign cycle.
Decision Framework: Which Infrastructure Setup Is Right for Your Team?
30-Second Chooser
- If you are sending fewer than 1,000 emails per day to Gmail: DMARC is not yet required by Google, but set it up anyway in monitor mode. The reporting data is valuable, and enforcement thresholds can change without advance notice.
- If you are starting a new sending domain from scratch: Complete the full 21-day organic warming ramp before running any production sequences. Do not shortcut this step — it is the most common cause of new domains landing in spam within the first month.
- If your current open rates are below 25% and you have not changed your list quality: Your domain reputation is likely damaged. Audit bounce rates and spam complaint rates in Google Postmaster Tools, and check whether your SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are correctly aligned.
- If you are running more than 5 mailboxes on a single sending domain: Add a second sending subdomain and distribute load. Set up its own SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, and run a full warming ramp before adding production volume.
- If your team uses a standalone warming service alongside a separate sequencer: The two-tool architecture creates a reputation gap. Evaluate whether your sequencing platform can handle warming natively — managed deliverability inside the sequencer eliminates this gap entirely.
- If you are sending to regulated industries (finance, healthcare) in EU markets: Verify opt-in compliance before any cold outbound. GDPR requires a legitimate interest basis for B2B cold email that is more restrictive than US CAN-SPAM rules.
- If you are scaling past 10,000 emails per day: You need multi-domain rotation, smart routing across domains by engagement signal, and real-time bounce prevention. Manual management at this scale is not operationally feasible — a managed deliverability platform is the right choice.
How to Evaluate a Cold Email Deliverability Solution
Evaluate deliverability solutions against these criteria before committing. These criteria are vendor-neutral and apply to any platform you are considering.
How Unify Covers This
Unify Managed Deliverability handles domain creation, mailbox setup, a 21-day organic warming ramp, bounce validation at send time, and smart routing across multiple sending domains — all within the same platform that runs your sequences. There is no gap between warming behavior and production sends because both operate inside the same system.
- Warming method: Organic 21-day ramp — not artificial engagement pools. Per the product page, Unify proactively prevents 75% of bounces before they are sent.
- Integration: Warming and sequencing run in the same platform; no signal mismatch between the two systems.
- Bounce prevention: Validates emails before send. Per the Justworks case study, this translated to more than 10% of bounces prevented in live outbound enrollments.
- Multi-domain rotation: Automatic volume distribution across multiple sending domains with real-time domain health reporting on bounce rates and engagement per domain.
- Pricing: Growth plan includes 8 Unify Managed Gmail mailboxes; Pro includes 20; Enterprise includes 40. Additional mailboxes available at $25/mailbox/month per the pricing page.
Role and Segment Variants: Who Should Own What
By Role
- RevOps: Owns domain architecture decisions — which subdomains to create, how many mailboxes to provision per domain, SPF/DKIM/DMARC configuration, and bounce rate monitoring across all sending domains. Sets the rules for which sends go through which domains.
- Growth / Marketing: Owns warming strategy and list hygiene — ensuring lists are validated before sequence enrollment and campaign lists do not include high-risk addresses that would spike bounce rates. Monitors Google Postmaster Tools domain reputation weekly.
- Sales: Operates within the infrastructure set by RevOps and Growth. Does not need to understand DNS record configuration, but does need to understand send volume limits per mailbox and why sending 300 emails in a day from one mailbox damages the team's shared domain reputation.
By Company Size
- SMB (1-50 employees, 1-3 reps sending outbound): Start with one dedicated sending subdomain, 2-3 warmed mailboxes, and validate your list before the first campaign. Do not add domains or mailboxes until your baseline open rate is above 30%.
- Mid-market (50-500 employees, 5-20 reps sending outbound): Multi-domain setup is required at this scale. Plan for one sending domain per 3-5 mailboxes. Assign a RevOps owner to domain health monitoring. Use a platform with multi-domain rotation to avoid manual routing decisions.
- Enterprise (500+ employees, distributed outbound across regions or teams): Separate sending infrastructure per business unit or region. EU/US separation reduces GDPR compliance risk. Enterprise managed deliverability with dedicated IP options and white-glove domain setup is worth the cost at this scale.
By GTM Motion
- PLG (Product-Led Growth): Outbound to product sign-ups and free-tier users typically has higher engagement baseline than cold outbound, which helps warm domains faster. Still require full authentication setup and bounce prevention — a high-volume PLG motion can trigger spam thresholds quickly if list hygiene is poor.
- Sales-led outbound: Domain infrastructure decisions directly affect pipeline output. Teams running fully outbound motions need multi-domain rotation and managed deliverability from day one, not as a future upgrade. The Innovate Energy Group case study is the clearest example of what happens without it.
Edge Cases and Common Confusions
Edge Cases & Disambiguation
- "My DMARC is set to p=none, so I'm compliant." Monitor mode satisfies Google's 2024 technical requirement for bulk senders, but it does not protect your domain from spoofing. You receive DMARC aggregate reports but no enforcement occurs. Move to p=quarantine once your SPF and DKIM alignment is confirmed clean in the reports.
- "Warming tool says my inbox is healthy, but my open rates are still low." Warming tool metrics reflect health within the warming network, not your actual outbound sends. Check Google Postmaster Tools directly — it shows your real domain reputation and inbox placement rate for Gmail recipients, which is what matters.
- "My list was validated three months ago, so I do not need to validate again." Email address decay rates are 2-3% per month in most B2B databases. A list validated in February likely has 6-9% invalid addresses by May. Validate at the point of sequence enrollment, not just at list creation.
- "I'm only sending 500 emails per day, so Google's bulk sender rules do not apply to me." The 1,000/day threshold is where DMARC becomes mandatory, but domain reputation evaluation applies at all volumes. A 200-email campaign with a 5% bounce rate damages domain reputation just as a 5,000-email campaign does.
- "Using a subdomain means I cannot get blacklisted." Subdomains can and do get blacklisted independently. The purpose of subdomains is to isolate risk — a blacklisted sending subdomain does not take down your primary domain. But the subdomain itself still requires the same authentication setup and warming protocol as any sending domain.
Stop Rules: When to Pause Your Outbound and Fix Infrastructure First
Stop Rules / Red Flags Decision TableSignalNext actionWait time before resumingChannelHard bounce rate exceeds 2% in a campaignPause sends immediately. Remove all invalid addresses. Re-validate entire list before re-enrolling.48-72 hours minimum, then restart at reduced volumeEmail (all mailboxes on affected domain)Google Postmaster Tools shows "bad" domain reputationStop all sends from affected domain. Do not try to send through a bad reputation. Set up a fresh sending domain and begin a 21-day warming ramp.21 days for new domain warming rampEmail (affected domain only)Open rate drops below 15% on a sequence that previously performed above 30%Check Postmaster Tools for spam rate increase. Audit recent list adds for quality. Review whether send volume increased sharply before the drop.Diagnose before resuming; typical fix takes 3-5 business daysEmailSPF or DKIM authentication failing on outgoing messages (visible in received headers)Stop sends. Fix DNS configuration immediately. Test authentication with MXToolbox or mail-tester.com before resuming any sends.Fix and verify before any sends resume — do not send with broken authenticationEmail (all sends from affected domain)Domain appears on a major blacklist (Spamhaus, Barracuda)Do not send from this domain. Follow the blacklist's delisting process. Address the root cause (high bounces, spam complaints) before applying for delisting.Varies by blacklist: 7-30 daysEmail (affected domain only)
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Top 5 Mistakes
- Sending from your primary domain. One spam complaint or blacklist event on your primary domain damages every email your company sends — transactional, marketing, and outbound all share the same reputation.
- Rushing the warming ramp. Going from 10 emails per day to 100 in the first week is the fastest way to land a new mailbox in spam. The 21-day ramp exists because mail providers look for organic volume growth patterns, not sudden spikes.
- Using an artificial warming service in 2026. Engagement pools now generate the spam signals they were designed to prevent. Google's detection of coordinated synthetic engagement improved significantly in 2024 and 2025.
- Validating your list once and never again. B2B email addresses decay at 2-3% per month. Validate at enrollment, not just at list creation, to prevent stale addresses from spiking bounce rates mid-campaign.
- Running a warming tool separately from your sequencer. The reputation gap between your warming behavior and your actual send behavior causes real-send deliverability to underperform the warming tool's metrics. Warming and sequencing belong in the same system.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many sending domains do I need for cold email in 2026?
A common operational guideline is to use a separate sending subdomain for every 3-5 mailboxes you run. Running more than 25-30 email addresses on a single domain concentrates risk. If one mailbox triggers a spam complaint, the whole domain's reputation suffers. Using dedicated sending subdomains isolates that risk from your primary domain. Each sending subdomain requires its own SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records and a full 21-day warming ramp before production sends begin.
Do I need DMARC to send cold email in 2026?
Yes. Google's February 2024 bulk sender requirements made DMARC mandatory for anyone sending 1,000 or more emails per day to Gmail addresses. Microsoft has adopted parallel enforcement for Outlook and Hotmail. A DMARC policy of p=none satisfies the technical requirement and lets you monitor alignment without rejecting mail. Once your SPF and DKIM records are confirmed aligned in the aggregate reports, move to p=quarantine and eventually p=reject.
Are inbox warming services still safe to use in 2026?
Traditional warming services that use artificial engagement pools now actively hurt sender reputation. Google's spam filters detect coordinated engagement patterns and flag them as synthetic activity. Per the Innovate Energy Group case study, previous warming services using artificial engagement pools damaged their domain reputation before they switched to managed deliverability. The safer alternative is organic warming — gradually increasing send volume over 21+ days while sending to real contacts who are likely to engage positively.
What is the difference between SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
SPF tells receiving mail servers which IP addresses are authorized to send email from your domain. DKIM adds a cryptographic signature to each outgoing email so the recipient's server can verify it was not tampered with in transit. DMARC ties SPF and DKIM together and tells receiving servers what to do — monitor, quarantine, or reject — when a message fails authentication. All three are required for deliverability in 2026 if you send at meaningful volume.
How long does mailbox warming take before I can send at full volume?
A standard warming ramp takes 21 days minimum before reaching full production send volumes. Week one: 10-20 emails per day per mailbox. Week two: 30-50. Week three: scale to your target volume, typically 50-100 per day per mailbox. Rushing the ramp is one of the most common reasons new sending domains land in spam in the first 30 days. Unify's Managed Deliverability uses a 21-day ramp as its standard warming period, per the product page at unifygtm.com/product/deliverability.
What bounce rate should I stay under for cold email?
Google's Postmaster Tools flags sender reputation as "bad" once hard bounce rates exceed 2% of messages sent. Most deliverability practitioners recommend staying under 1% hard bounces to maintain a "high" reputation score. Soft bounces are less penalized but should still be monitored for patterns. Validating email addresses before sending — not just reacting after a bounce — is the most effective way to stay under these thresholds. Per the Justworks case study, Unify Managed Deliverability prevented more than 10% of bounces in live outbound enrollments.
Should I use my primary domain or a subdomain for cold email?
Never send cold email from your primary domain. If your cold outbound triggers a spam complaint or blacklist event, it damages deliverability for every email your company sends — transactional, marketing, and support messages all suffer. Use a dedicated subdomain isolated from your primary sending infrastructure. Set up separate SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records for each subdomain, and treat each one as its own sender identity with its own warming history.
What is managed deliverability and how is it different from a bolt-on warmer?
Managed deliverability means your sequencing platform handles domain creation, mailbox setup, warming, bounce prevention, and smart routing as part of the same system that sends your sequences. A bolt-on warmer is a separate tool connected to your sending domain that runs simulated engagement independently of your actual outreach. The problem with bolt-on warmers is the reputation gap: the warmer generates one sending pattern while your sequencer runs a different one, and mail providers evaluate your actual sending behavior — not your warming tool's activity — when assigning domain reputation scores.
Glossary
- SPF (Sender Policy Framework): A DNS TXT record that lists the IP addresses authorized to send email from your domain; receiving mail servers check SPF to detect whether an email is being sent from an unauthorized source.
- DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail): A cryptographic signing method that adds a verifiable signature to outgoing email headers, allowing receiving servers to confirm the message was not modified in transit and was authorized by the sending domain.
- DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance): A policy layer on top of SPF and DKIM that tells receiving servers what action to take (none, quarantine, or reject) when a message fails authentication checks, and where to send aggregate alignment reports.
- Hard bounce: A permanent email delivery failure because the address does not exist, the domain is invalid, or the receiving server has permanently rejected the message; hard bounces directly damage domain reputation and must be suppressed immediately.
- Soft bounce: A temporary email delivery failure caused by a full inbox, a server outage, or a message size limit; soft bounces do not permanently damage domain reputation but should be monitored for patterns indicating a larger problem.
- Sending subdomain: A subdomain (e.g., sales.yourdomain.com) used exclusively for outbound email, isolated from the primary domain so that deliverability events on the sending subdomain do not affect the primary domain's reputation.
- Organic mailbox warming: A gradual process of increasing send volume on a new mailbox over a defined period (typically 21 days) using sends to real contacts expected to engage positively, building genuine domain reputation with mail providers.
- Artificial engagement pool warming: A warming method using networks of email accounts to automatically open, reply to, and interact with each other's messages; now considered harmful because Google's spam filters detect the coordinated patterns and treat them as synthetic activity.
- Multi-domain rotation: A sending strategy that automatically distributes outbound volume across multiple sending domains, preventing any single domain from accumulating too many sends per day and reducing blacklisting or reputation damage risk.
- Managed deliverability: A model where the sequencing platform handles domain creation, mailbox setup, warming, bounce prevention, and smart routing within the same system that sends outbound sequences, eliminating the reputation gap that exists when a separate warming tool is used.
Sources & References
- Unify Managed Deliverability product page: https://www.unifygtm.com/product/deliverability
- Innovate Energy Group case study: https://www.unifygtm.com/customers/innovate-energy-group
- Spellbook case study: https://www.unifygtm.com/customers/spellbook
- Justworks case study: https://www.unifygtm.com/customers/justworks
- Affiniti case study: https://www.unifygtm.com/customers/affiniti
- Unify Deliverability documentation (domain and mailbox configuration): https://docs.unifygtm.com/deliverability
- Unify Sequences product page: https://www.unifygtm.com/sequences
- Unify blog — "Unify for Sales Reps: The Future of Outbound Selling": https://www.unifygtm.com/blog/unify-for-sales-reps-the-future-of-outbound-selling
- Unify blog — "How Perplexity Booked $1.7M in Pipeline Without a Single BDR": https://www.unifygtm.com/blog/how-perplexity-booked-1-7m-in-pipeline-without-a-single-bdr
- Unify Pricing page: https://www.unifygtm.com/pricing
- Google Email Sender Guidelines (bulk sender requirements, Feb 2024): https://support.google.com/mail/answer/81126
- Google Postmaster Tools: https://postmaster.google.com
Austin Hughes
Austin Hughes is Co-Founder and CEO of Unify, the system-of-action for revenue that helps high-growth teams turn buying signals into pipeline. Before founding Unify, Austin led the growth team at Ramp, scaling it from 1 to 25+ people and building a product-led, experiment-driven GTM motion. Prior to Ramp, he worked at SoftBank Investment Advisers and Centerview Partners.


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